Conidiocarpus
Conidiocarpus Woron., Key to fungi (fungi imperfecti) 2: 743 (1917)
= Phragmocapnias Theiss. & Syd., Annls mycol. 15(6): 480 (1918) [1917]
Dothideomycetes, Dothideomycetidae, Capnodiales, Capnodiaceae
Habit forming a soot-like coating on the upper surface of leaves. Thallus composed of brown to pale brown, cylindrical, branched, septate hyphae. Sexual morph: see Chomnunti (2011). Asexual morph: Conidiomata brown to dark brown, pycnidial, solitary to gregarious, superficial, unilocular, glabrous, differentiated into a basal stalk and a conidiiferous locule at upper half. Rostrate apex apical, centrally located, surrounded by hyaline hyphae. Stalk and pycnidial wall composed of thick-walled, dark brown to pale brown cells of textura porrecta to textura angularis. Conidiophores formed on inner layers of pycnidial wall. Conidiogenous cells not observed. Conidia hyaline, ellipsoid to cylindrical, unicellular, smooth-walled, eguttulate.
Type species: Conidiocarpus penzigii Woron., Annls mycol. 25(3/4): 250 (1927)
Notes: Chomnunti et al. (2011) linked Conidiocarpus to its sexual morph Phragmocapnias Theiss. & Syd. based on LSU and SSU sequence data, and reduced the former as a synonym of the latter. Bose et al. (2014) confirmed this connection and reinstated Conidiocarpus as the generic name, because it is an older name. Hongsanan et al. (2015) followed this concept, although Wijayawardene et al. (2017b) recommended using the sexual morph name Phragmocapnias for the holomorph, but without providing a detailed reason. Hongsanan et al. (2015) also introduced a new combination, C. philippinensis for Phragmocapnias philippinensis Hongsanan & K.D. Hyde. However, phylogenetic analyses based on LSU, SSU and ITS sequence data showed that C. philippinensis clustered with Antennariella placitae (CBS 124785) and Chaetocapnodium siamensis (MFLUCC 13-0778) (Fig. 53), thus this taxon is excluded from Conidiocarpus. We use Conidiocarpus in preference over Phragmocapnias. Phragmocapnias asiaticus Chomnunti & K.D. Hyde (MFLUCC10-0062) is synonymized under C. siamensis (Fig. 53), because the sequences similarities between P. asiaticus (MFLUCC10-0062) and C. siamensis (MFLUCC 10-0065) are 100% (422/422) in ITS, 99% (970/975) in LSU and 100% (959/959) in SSU. Phragmocapnias asiaticus has slightly smaller pycnidia and conidia than C. siamensis, but this may not be informative at the species level in Conidiocarpus. In addition, a fresh collection from Thailand is identified as C. siamensis.
Distribution: Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Germany, India, Iran, Myanmar, Seychelles, Thailand, Uganda, Viet Nam (Chomnunti et al. 2011, Hongsanan et al. 2015, https://www.gbif.org/).
Li WJ, McKenZie EHC, Liu JK, Bhat DJ, Dai DQ, Caporesi E, Tian Q, Maharachcikumbura SSN, Luo ZL, Shang QJ, Zhang JF, Tangthirasunun N, Karunarathna SC, Xu JC, Hyde KD (2020) Taxonomy and phylogeny of hyaline-spored coelomycetes. Fungal Diversity 100: pages279–801.
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