Pleosporales » Didymellaceae

Boeremia

Boeremia Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley, in Aveskamp, Gruyter, Woudenberg, Verkley & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 65: 36 (2010)

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi number, MycoBank, GenBank           Fig 1

Classification: Didymellaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi

Saprobic or pathogenic host plants and from soil. The sexual morph is characterised by ascomata which are immersed, separate, globose to subglobose, and brown to dark. The ostiole is located in the center and lacks periphyses. The peridium is constituted by an outer layer of dark brown cells, and inner layers of hyaline cells of textural angularis. The hamathecium is filiform to cylindrical pseudoparaphyses. Asci are 8-spored, smooth-walled, fissitunicate, bitunicate, short-pedicellate, cylindric and clavate, apex rounded, and without an ocular chamber. Ascospores are 1–3-seriate, overlapping, 1-septate, hyaline, guttulate, thick and smooth-walled, constricted at septum, ellipsoid to obovoid, tapering from the center toward narrow ends, and straight or slightly curved (Jayasiri et al. 2017). The asexual morph is characterised by immersed or semi-immersed pycnidial conidiomata, which are unilocular, glabrous, separate to aggregated, mostly globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, and ostiolate. The ostiole is papillate or not, located in the center or on the side, with hyaline cells lining internally when mature. The conidiomatal wall is comprised of textura angularis or sometimes textura globosa, thick-walled and pale brown to hyaline cells. Conidiophores are reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells are enteroblastic and phialidic, determinate, doliiform to ampulliform and hyaline. Conidia are hyaline, thick and smooth-walled, mostly aseptate, guttulate, variable in shape, and straight or slightly curved (Aveskamp et al. 2010, Li et al. 2020).

Type species: Boeremia exigua (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley, in Aveskamp, Gruyter, Woudenberg, Verkley & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 65: 37 (2010)

= Phoma exigua Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3 11(2): 282 (1849)

= Phyllosticta forsythiae Sacc., Fungi italica autogr. del. 1-4: tab. 87 (1877)

= Phoma exigua Sacc., Michelia 1(no. 5): 525 (1879)

= Phoma herbarum f. humuli Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 133 (1883)

= Ascochyta viburni Roum. ex Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 3: 387 (1884)

= Phoma viburni (Roum. ex Sacc.) Boerema & M.J. Griffin, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 63(1): 110 (1974)

Notes: Boeremia was introduced by Aveskamp et al. (2010) based on B. exigua as the type species. At the same time, they introduced many varieties of B. exigua and new combinations. Morphologically, Boeremia is similar to Phoma, and some species of Boeremia were previously identified as Phoma species (Aveskamp et al. 2010). However, Boeremia can be distinguished from Phoma phylogenetically based on LSU, ITS and tub2 (Aveskamp et al. 2010). Species belonging to Boeremia are associated with rots of various plants (Giebel & Dopierała 2004). Currently, there are 25 species listed in Boeremia in Species Fungorum (September 2024). There are more than ten thousand sequence data available for Boeremia in GenBank (September 2024). The updated taxonomic treatment of this genus is Didymellaceae, in Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes) (Wijayawardene et al. 2022, Hyde et al. 2024).

For all accepted species: see Species Fungorum, and search Boeremia.

Figure 1 – Boeremia galiicola (MFLU 15-1341, holotype). a Sections through ascomata. b Asci. c Ascospores. d Herbarium specimen. e, f Appearance of black coniodiomata on the host. i, j Vertical sections of conidiomata. k Section of peridium. l–m Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. n–r Conidia. Scale bars: a = 100 µm, b = 20 µm, c = 10 µm, g–I = 100 µm, f = 20 µm, j–r = 5 µm. (a–c Redrawn from Jayasiri et al. (2017) by Chao Chen, g–r Originally published in Li et al. (2020) and republished with authority)

 

References

Aveskamp MM, De Gruyter J, Woudenberg JHC, Verkley GJM et al. 2010 – Highlights of the Didymellaceae: A polyphasic approach to characterise Phoma and related pleosporalean genera. Studies in Mycology 65, 1–60.

Giebel J, Dopierała U. 2004 – Pathogenesis of potato gangrene caused by Phoma exigua var. foveata: II. Activities of some hydrolases and dehydrogenases. Journal of phytopathology 152(7), 399–403.

Hyde KD, Noordeloos MT, Thiyagaraja V, He MQ et al. 2024 – The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Mycosphere 15(1), 5146–6239.

Jayasiri SC, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Jeewon R et al. 2017 – Taxonomy and multigene phylogenetic evaluation of novel species in Boeremia and Epicoccum with new records of Ascochyta and Didymella (Didymellaceae). Mycosphere 8, 1080–1101.

Li WJ, McKenzie EH, Liu JK, Bhat DJ et al. 2020 – Taxonomy and phylogeny of hyaline-spored coelomycetes. Fungal Diversity 100, 279–801.

Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Dai DQ, Sánchez-García ML et al. 2022 – Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa–2021. Mycosphere 13(1), 53–453.

 

Entry by Chao Chen^1,2,3

Edited by Kevin D. Hyde^1,3 & Ishara S. Manawasinghe¹

 

¹Innovative Institute for Plant Health, College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, P.R. China.

²Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.

³Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.

 

Published online 2024-December 30.

 

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